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                <text>This photo is of a male student sleeping; the table adjacent to him is covered in snack bags (such as cookies), bottles and cans of Miller beer, Kool cigarettes, and what appears to be a ceramic water pipe. Currently, while alcohol is allowed in dormitory rooms of those above the age of 21, smoking is not allowed regardless of age.</text>
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                <text>These girls are relaxing in their decorated dorm room. Six pennants cover the walls, and appear to be breaking the rules by either being pinned or taped up. Stuffed animals claim space on the low dormitory beds and framed pictures cover their desk and bookshelf. A single radio rests on the corner of the desk.</text>
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                <text>A student, Jean Addison, lounges on her bed surrounded by posters on her wall.  Fewer framed personal pictures and more posters of popular culture icons were a marked difference from earlier photographs of school dormitory rooms. However, the ubiquitous stuffed animal remains. No longer worrying about hanging things from the ceiling molding, these posters are attached with tape--which would have violated earlier rules, but allows for flat things like posters to be used for decoration.</text>
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                <text>Once more, a stuffed animal resides on the bed of one of these girls, who are reading and discussing in the background. A large doily, often referred to as a dresser scarf, covers the dresser on the right. Freshmen were advised to bring these for their own rooms, listed with other recommended things like a reading lamp and small rugs (also pictured), as they would find them “convenient.” [Quote from “Listen Freshman,” Booklet, ca. 1960s.]</text>
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                <text>Spotswood Hall Residents</text>
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                <text>Girls sit and chat in a Spotswood dorm room. Plants decorate the windowsill and what appears to be a fishbowl sits on top of a bookshelf on the left. All the girls sport curled and coiffed hairdos. A doll and a leather or wooden box sit on the top shelf of the right bookshelf and a sewing kit is on the bottom shelf. Many students were expected to repair their own clothes, especially if this picture was taken during wartime when cloth was rationed. 
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                <text>Technology has greatly influenced our daily lives, and technology has likewise been incorporated into dormitories. This image from a residential living brochure shows a student conversing on a rotary phone in her own dorm room. Previously, students had to travel to the public hall phones, or one located in Alumnae Hall, to receive phone calls. The rules stated that they were limited to three or five minute conversations and calls had to be received before 11:00 p.m. Today, many colleges are removing landline phones all together in dormitory rooms. Their minimal use by students today, who communicate on personal cell phones or on their computers, does not justify their cost. Still, while technology changes the rules and the use of space in living areas, stuffed animals are a consistent presence. [Information from “Listen Freshman,” Booklet, ca. 1960s; and Constitution and By-Laws of the Student Association, State Normal School, Alice Virginia Kellam Scrapbook, 1923-1925, SC#5004.]</text>
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                <text>These students have matching bedspreads and pillows, which can be seen occasionally in historic dormitory photographs. The window sill is decorated with photographs, a yearbook, small porcelain figurines, a lamp, and shells. They have also included stuffed animals in their decoration, as seen in other rooms.</text>
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                <text>The transition to dormitories with individual cooking areas placed great trust in residential students. At first, students would be served meals in a dining hall. Later, dormitories each had kitchenettes on their floors for communal use. Things like personal ovens and microwaves in dormitory rooms all developed later in the twentieth century. In fact, students had bans on any and all “electrical appliances,” in early dormitory rooms. The change in rules and addition of these items were major developments that meant space had to be found for these new dormitory fixtures. Today, many dorm rooms in colleges and universities around the nation have personal cooking appliances, especially for upperclassmen. [Quote from Freshman Training Examination, 1923. Alice Virginia Kellam Scrapbook, SC#5004.]</text>
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                <text>Students relaxing and reading in a dorm room. LIFE Magazine, a radio, a glass bottle of soda, and a pennant between the windows all combine to create an image of a happy dorm room environment. Many Madison students wrote to enlisted servicemen during wartime and framed pictures, particularly those of military men like the image on the right side of the window sill, were common during the 1940s. </text>
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                <text>Eloise Lohr, left, and Ann Hearl, right, straighten up a dormitory room. What could possibly be a small sewing kit sits on the windowsill. Students were urged to keep their rooms tidy as stated in a freshmen advice booklet: “Keep your room neat! You’re in college now, and you’ll be doing many things yourself which were done for you by others at home. Rooms are inspected frequently.” There were institutional rules about cleanliness, but there were also unwritten social rules to keep up with since your private space--the dorm room--was shared and likely seen by your peers at some point. [Quote from “Listen Freshman,” Booklet, ca. 1960s.]</text>
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