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https://omeka.jmu.edu/simms/files/original/Celebrating Simms Collection The Story of the Lucy F. Simms School/simms00343-exhibit-highlights-black-history-at-simms-school.pdf
c316e91a7a9bb004fafc8d1b90651842
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Text
EXHIBIT HIGHLIGHTS BLACK HISTORY AT SIMMS
SCHOOL
Posted: April 21, 2016
By ERIN FLYNN
Kailyn Gilliam (right), a junior at James Madison University, speaks Wednesday during a
preview of an exhibit on prominent black residents of Harrisonburg at Roop Hall. The
upcoming permanent exhibit will be at the Lucy F. Simms Continuing Education Center in
Harrisonburg. (Photo by Austin Bachand / DN-R)
HARRISONBURG — History is anything but lacking throughout the halls of
the Lucy F. Simms Continuing Education Center.
Since it opened as a school for black students in 1938, hundreds of students and
community members have left their mark on the building, located at 620 Simms
Ave.
Now, much of that history is coming to life with an exhibit that illustrates 150
years of black history, beginning soon after the Civil War.
The exhibit is a yearlong project created by several James Madison University
students and their two advisers, Sean McCarthy and Mollie Godfrey. It wraps
around both sides of the center’s main hallway and will officially open on
Monday.
Remembering Lucy F. Simms
The center, formerly known as the Lucy F. Simms School, was named after a
longtime Valley educator who was born into slavery in 1855. In 1877, Simms
�graduated from the Hampton Institute and began teaching in Harrisonburg and
Rockingham County.
Throughout her teaching career, which spanned 56 years, she taught more than
1,800 students. The Lucy F. Simms School served black children until
desegregation in 1965.
The school’s building came under city control on Aug. 31, 2001. It then
underwent a two-year, $5.5 million renovation project and reopened on May 20,
2005.
Now, the Lucy F. Simms Continuing Education Center serves as a community
center. It is also the home of the Arc of Harrisonburg and Rockingham, which
supports those with disabilities, and the headquarters of the Boys & Girls Clubs of
Harrisonburg and Rockingham County.
Exhibit’s Features
The exhibit tells more than Simms’ story.
Its 59 panels and 100 photos also honor others who contributed to the school’s
history, said Robin Lyttle of the Shenandoah Valley Black Heritage Project.
“What’s so great about this exhibition is that it’s not just about Lucy F. Simms,
who we adore and love,” Lyttle said.
The exhibit, which is more than 100 feet long, is divided into six sections: early
education in Harrisonburg; Simms and her legacy; community life; the school’s
extracurricular activities; school life; and after the school became inactive.
“It really hits it all,” Lyttle said.
The exhibit, along with interactive features and videos, will be on a website,
which McCarthy said will launch next week.
Going Beyond A Textbook
With the exhibit’s creation were some challenges, one being the amount of
research required. Much history was lost after the school closed in 1964.
“It’s like going to the bottom of the ocean to find a new species, because much of
this information hasn’t been discovered,” Lyttle said.
Juniors Brett Seekford and Hannah Jones spent hours poring over information at
the Massanutten Regional Library Central Branch for the project.
�Seekford said some of the information uncovered conflicted with what
community members said happened.
“We often went with the community’s word,” he said. “It was tricky to find the
real history.”
McCarthy said the team also collected pictures from members of the community.
With that came another set of difficulties.
“There was a lot of work trying to figure out what these photographs are,” said
McCarthy, who added that the team also needed to verify each photo’s subjects.
Seekford said the project was different from anything he had done before.
“It was just a culture shock. The stuff you learn in high school I got first world
experience through this project,” Seekford said. “[Speaking with community
members] is so much different from reading a textbook.”
Contact Erin Flynn at 574-6293 or eflynn@dnronline.com
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Celebrating Simms Collection: The Story of the Lucy F. Simms School
Description
An account of the resource
The first series in the Celebrating Simms Collection consists of approximately 450 items that were digitized to support the development and design of the 2016 Celebrating Simms exhibit. The series consists primarily of photographs and some historical documents related to the Effinger St. School (1882–1938); the Lucy F. Simms School (1938-1966); the Simms Reunion Committee (1982–Present); private family photographs documenting life in the Northeast Neighborhood of Harrisonburg, Virginia (1882–1966); and official photographs documenting Harrisonburg’s R4 Urban Renewal Project (1955–1964).
The Celebrating Simms Collection consists entirely of digitized materials. It is a post-custodial collection, meaning that all original materials were returned to the custody of their original owners immediately after being digitized. The individuals who shared their private collections with this project for digitization include: Doris Harper Allen, Howard Curry, Dorothy Dickerson, Twyla French, Billo Harper, Greg Johnson, Wilhelmina Johnson, Dale MacAllister, Edna Mitchell, Deanna Reed, Jennifer Vickers, and Betty Lou Winkey. Some items were also digitized for Celebrating Simms with permission from JMU Special Collections, the Massanutten Regional Library, the Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society (now Rocktown History), and the Daily News-Record.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Celebrating Simms Project
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
JMU Libraries
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1867-2016
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Exhibit Highlights Black History at Simms School
Subject
The topic of the resource
Lucy F. Simms School
Exhibitions
Description
An account of the resource
An article discussing the history of the Lucy F. Simms School and the Celebrating Simms project and exhibit.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Erin Flynn
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Daily News Record
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
James Madison University Libraries
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
21-Apr-16
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Daily News Record
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">CC By-NC 4.0</a>
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
articles
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
simms00343
Spatial Coverage
Spatial characteristics of the resource.
Harrisonburg (Va.)
Brett Seekford
Hannah Jones
James Madison University
Kailyn Gilliam
Lucy F. Simms
Robin Lyttle
Sean McCarthy
-
https://omeka.jmu.edu/simms/files/original/Celebrating Simms Collection The Story of the Lucy F. Simms School/simms00010-cub-scouts.pdf
542f1d6f112a6ac99047e07b002a9462
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Celebrating Simms Collection: The Story of the Lucy F. Simms School
Description
An account of the resource
The first series in the Celebrating Simms Collection consists of approximately 450 items that were digitized to support the development and design of the 2016 Celebrating Simms exhibit. The series consists primarily of photographs and some historical documents related to the Effinger St. School (1882–1938); the Lucy F. Simms School (1938-1966); the Simms Reunion Committee (1982–Present); private family photographs documenting life in the Northeast Neighborhood of Harrisonburg, Virginia (1882–1966); and official photographs documenting Harrisonburg’s R4 Urban Renewal Project (1955–1964).
The Celebrating Simms Collection consists entirely of digitized materials. It is a post-custodial collection, meaning that all original materials were returned to the custody of their original owners immediately after being digitized. The individuals who shared their private collections with this project for digitization include: Doris Harper Allen, Howard Curry, Dorothy Dickerson, Twyla French, Billo Harper, Greg Johnson, Wilhelmina Johnson, Dale MacAllister, Edna Mitchell, Deanna Reed, Jennifer Vickers, and Betty Lou Winkey. Some items were also digitized for Celebrating Simms with permission from JMU Special Collections, the Massanutten Regional Library, the Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society (now Rocktown History), and the Daily News-Record.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Celebrating Simms Project
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
JMU Libraries
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1867-2016
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Cub Scouts
Subject
The topic of the resource
Cub scouts
Uniforms
Description
An account of the resource
A photograph of Mike, Butch, Howard, and Sonny in their Cub Scout uniforms.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Howard Curry
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
James Madison University Libraries
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1954
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">CC By-NC 4.0</a>
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
black-and-white photographs
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
simms00010
Spatial Coverage
Spatial characteristics of the resource.
Harrisonburg (Va.)
Howard Curry
Isaiah S. Brown Sr.
-
https://omeka.jmu.edu/simms/files/original/Celebrating Simms Collection The Story of the Lucy F. Simms School/simms00113-commencement-and-graduation-night-program.pdf
7f4b032b0f52ad26d15d24bf5a955a0b
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Celebrating Simms Collection: The Story of the Lucy F. Simms School
Description
An account of the resource
The first series in the Celebrating Simms Collection consists of approximately 450 items that were digitized to support the development and design of the 2016 Celebrating Simms exhibit. The series consists primarily of photographs and some historical documents related to the Effinger St. School (1882–1938); the Lucy F. Simms School (1938-1966); the Simms Reunion Committee (1982–Present); private family photographs documenting life in the Northeast Neighborhood of Harrisonburg, Virginia (1882–1966); and official photographs documenting Harrisonburg’s R4 Urban Renewal Project (1955–1964).
The Celebrating Simms Collection consists entirely of digitized materials. It is a post-custodial collection, meaning that all original materials were returned to the custody of their original owners immediately after being digitized. The individuals who shared their private collections with this project for digitization include: Doris Harper Allen, Howard Curry, Dorothy Dickerson, Twyla French, Billo Harper, Greg Johnson, Wilhelmina Johnson, Dale MacAllister, Edna Mitchell, Deanna Reed, Jennifer Vickers, and Betty Lou Winkey. Some items were also digitized for Celebrating Simms with permission from JMU Special Collections, the Massanutten Regional Library, the Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society (now Rocktown History), and the Daily News-Record.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Celebrating Simms Project
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
JMU Libraries
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1867-2016
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Commencement and Graduation night program
Subject
The topic of the resource
Lucy F. Simms School
Graduation
Description
An account of the resource
Programs for the 1961 graduation ceremonies of the Lucy F. Simms School, containing list of graduates and the Lucy F. Simms School song.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Howard Curry
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
James Madison University Libraries
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
22426
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">CC By-NC 4.0</a>
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
programs
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
simms00113
Spatial Coverage
Spatial characteristics of the resource.
Harrisonburg (Va.)
Ada Stitt
Albunyer L. Arrington
Amelia N. Jones
Anthony W. Eubanks
Barbara W. Blakey
Bernice Hattie Washington
Betty Mae Broaddus
Beverly Jones
Beverly Starr Jones
Clair Elizabeth Nizer
Daniel Lee Carter
Doris P. Johnson
Douglas Eugene Lewis
Elizabeth Guy
Frances M. Bates
H.Leslie Giles
Howard William Curry, Jr.
Janice Robinson
Marian Lucille Williams
Mary Eubanks
Mary Fairfax Awkard
Nancy Marie Nizer
Rebecca C. Cambpell
Richard Lynn Madden
Robert Eugene Carter
Robert Lewis Sampson
Roland Lee Madden
Timothy Burrell
Vera Jean Toliver
Virginia Celia Mason
Wilmer Cleophas Byrd, Jr.
-
https://omeka.jmu.edu/simms/files/original/Celebrating Simms Collection The Story of the Lucy F. Simms School/simms00215-choral-program.pdf
92e2ec5979b7d8949aff0feae8a91fe0
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Celebrating Simms Collection: The Story of the Lucy F. Simms School
Description
An account of the resource
The first series in the Celebrating Simms Collection consists of approximately 450 items that were digitized to support the development and design of the 2016 Celebrating Simms exhibit. The series consists primarily of photographs and some historical documents related to the Effinger St. School (1882–1938); the Lucy F. Simms School (1938-1966); the Simms Reunion Committee (1982–Present); private family photographs documenting life in the Northeast Neighborhood of Harrisonburg, Virginia (1882–1966); and official photographs documenting Harrisonburg’s R4 Urban Renewal Project (1955–1964).
The Celebrating Simms Collection consists entirely of digitized materials. It is a post-custodial collection, meaning that all original materials were returned to the custody of their original owners immediately after being digitized. The individuals who shared their private collections with this project for digitization include: Doris Harper Allen, Howard Curry, Dorothy Dickerson, Twyla French, Billo Harper, Greg Johnson, Wilhelmina Johnson, Dale MacAllister, Edna Mitchell, Deanna Reed, Jennifer Vickers, and Betty Lou Winkey. Some items were also digitized for Celebrating Simms with permission from JMU Special Collections, the Massanutten Regional Library, the Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society (now Rocktown History), and the Daily News-Record.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Celebrating Simms Project
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
JMU Libraries
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1867-2016
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Choral Program
Subject
The topic of the resource
Lucy F. Simms School
Choirs
Graduation
Commencement ceremonies
Description
An account of the resource
A program detailing the graduation celebrations for the Lucy F. Simms School class of 1965.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Howard Curry
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
James Madison University Libraries
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
23890
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">CC By-NC 4.0</a>
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
programs
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
simms00215
Albunyer L. Arrington
Alice Rebertha Beale
Amelia N. Jones
Anthony W. Eubanks
Barbara Jean Lewis
Barbara W. Blakey
Betty Ingrid Bryant
Betty Lee Temple
Donald Banks
Donald Franklin Burgess
Donald L. Banks
Dr. Samuel Madden
Elliott Watkins, Jr.
Erra B. Moats
Gerald Houston Howard
H. Leslie Giles
Harold Williams
Henry B. Webb
James Hardy, Jr.
Juanita Belle Chambers
Linda Evelyn Brown
Linda Lou Cubbage
Mary Ellen Davis
Mary F. Awkard
Mary H. Eubanks
Mary M. Glick
Melva Elaine Vaughn
Nathanial Moore
Patricia J Blakey
Reverend J. T. Burley
Sharon Rosita Barber
Warren Craig Curry
-
https://omeka.jmu.edu/simms/files/original/Celebrating Simms Collection The Story of the Lucy F. Simms School/simms00360-celebrating-simms-sol-govt-11b.pdf
0d1a2249322300575561beaeeca863e9
PDF Text
Text
Life After Reconstruction Activity
Activity for 4th and 5th Graders:
•
•
Steps:
This activity works well with:
SOL VS.8: The student will demonstrate knowledge of the reconstruction
of Virginia following the Civil War by:
a) identifying the effects of Reconstruction on life in Virginia;
Students will engage in a simulation activity, adopting identities of people
alive in Harrisonburg after reconstruction, during the opening of Effinger
Street school.
1. Give some background on reconstruction: the period following the Civil
War in America. The main purpose was to “reconstruct” the South after the
devastation brought about by the Civil War. There were efforts to rebuild
roads, buildings, etc as well as establishing schools for African Americans
and finally incorporating them into society. President Abraham Lincoln
ordered these projects, issued the Emancipation Proclamation, and enforced
the 13th, 14th and 15th amendments.
13th amendment- abolished slavery in the United States, 1865
2. Give some background for the scenario: It is 1883. Finally, with the push of
reconstruction, the first official African American school has been opened in
Harrisonburg – the Effinger Street school.
3. Teacher will then explain that students will be given identity cards of
people who were alive during this time.
4. After reading their identity card, students will write 2-3 sentences
adopting the feelings of the person they have been given, focusing on their
feelings towards the new school opening.
5. Students will get into groups of 4 with people who hold different identity
cards from them, and share what is written on their card and their 2-3
sentences.
Materials:
• Identity cards
Resources:
McCray, Carrie Allen. Freedom's Child: The Life of a Confederate General's Black
Daughter. Chapel Hill, NC: Algonquin, 1998. Print.
��
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Celebrating Simms Collection: The Story of the Lucy F. Simms School
Description
An account of the resource
The first series in the Celebrating Simms Collection consists of approximately 450 items that were digitized to support the development and design of the 2016 Celebrating Simms exhibit. The series consists primarily of photographs and some historical documents related to the Effinger St. School (1882–1938); the Lucy F. Simms School (1938-1966); the Simms Reunion Committee (1982–Present); private family photographs documenting life in the Northeast Neighborhood of Harrisonburg, Virginia (1882–1966); and official photographs documenting Harrisonburg’s R4 Urban Renewal Project (1955–1964).
The Celebrating Simms Collection consists entirely of digitized materials. It is a post-custodial collection, meaning that all original materials were returned to the custody of their original owners immediately after being digitized. The individuals who shared their private collections with this project for digitization include: Doris Harper Allen, Howard Curry, Dorothy Dickerson, Twyla French, Billo Harper, Greg Johnson, Wilhelmina Johnson, Dale MacAllister, Edna Mitchell, Deanna Reed, Jennifer Vickers, and Betty Lou Winkey. Some items were also digitized for Celebrating Simms with permission from JMU Special Collections, the Massanutten Regional Library, the Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society (now Rocktown History), and the Daily News-Record.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Celebrating Simms Project
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
JMU Libraries
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1867-2016
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Celebrating Simms SOL VS.8
Subject
The topic of the resource
Lucy F. Simms School
Effinger Street School
Description
An account of the resource
A downloadable document containing academic activities for 4th and 5th graders to learn about life in Harrisonburg after reconstruction.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
James Madison University Libraries
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">CC By-NC 4.0</a>
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
document file
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
simms00359
-
https://omeka.jmu.edu/simms/files/original/Celebrating Simms Collection The Story of the Lucy F. Simms School/simms00375-celebrating-simms-poster.pdf
ca54e74d817351878fedfa5de8a70f97
PDF Text
Text
JAMES MADISON UNIVERSITY & SHENANDOAH VALLEY BLACK
HERITAGE CENTER IN ASSOCIATION WITH BILLO HARPER
PRESENT
CELEBRATING SIMMS
THE STORY OF THE
LUCY F. SIMMS SCHOOL
APRIL 25, 2016 AT 6:00 PM @ LUCY F. SIMMS
CONTINUING EDUCATION CENTER
With
live music
and food!
Use the QR code or
#celebratingsimms
to find out more
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Celebrating Simms Collection: The Story of the Lucy F. Simms School
Description
An account of the resource
The first series in the Celebrating Simms Collection consists of approximately 450 items that were digitized to support the development and design of the 2016 Celebrating Simms exhibit. The series consists primarily of photographs and some historical documents related to the Effinger St. School (1882–1938); the Lucy F. Simms School (1938-1966); the Simms Reunion Committee (1982–Present); private family photographs documenting life in the Northeast Neighborhood of Harrisonburg, Virginia (1882–1966); and official photographs documenting Harrisonburg’s R4 Urban Renewal Project (1955–1964).
The Celebrating Simms Collection consists entirely of digitized materials. It is a post-custodial collection, meaning that all original materials were returned to the custody of their original owners immediately after being digitized. The individuals who shared their private collections with this project for digitization include: Doris Harper Allen, Howard Curry, Dorothy Dickerson, Twyla French, Billo Harper, Greg Johnson, Wilhelmina Johnson, Dale MacAllister, Edna Mitchell, Deanna Reed, Jennifer Vickers, and Betty Lou Winkey. Some items were also digitized for Celebrating Simms with permission from JMU Special Collections, the Massanutten Regional Library, the Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society (now Rocktown History), and the Daily News-Record.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Celebrating Simms Project
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
JMU Libraries
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1867-2016
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Celebrating Simms Poster
Subject
The topic of the resource
Lucy F. Simms
James Madison University
Woman
Description
An account of the resource
A poster announcing the presentation of the Celebrating Simms project at the Lucy F. Simms School.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
James Madison University Libraries
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
25-Apr-16
Contributor
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James Madison University
Rights
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<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">CC By-NC 4.0</a>
Format
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PDF
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
simms00375
Spatial Coverage
Spatial characteristics of the resource.
Harrisonburg (Va.)
Billo Harper
Lucy F. Simms
-
https://omeka.jmu.edu/simms/files/original/Celebrating Simms Collection The Story of the Lucy F. Simms School/simms00357-celebrating-simms-usii-1a-d.pdf
93f1a4eb6e2950f2ed97baf3fb548379
PDF Text
Text
Celebrating Simms – United States from 1865 to Present
This activity is paired with the following Virginia Standards of Learning:
The student will demonstrate skills for historical and geographical analysis and responsible
citizenship, including the ability to
a) analyze and interpret primary and secondary source documents to increase
understanding of events and life in United States history from 1865 to the present;
b) make connections between the past and the present;
c) sequence events in United States history from 1865 to the present;
d) interpret ideas and events from different historical perspectives;
For this activity –
The students can read the following essay that outlines the entire storyline of the Celebrating
Simms exhibit. Following the essay, there is a worksheet containing three sections of activities.
�Celebrating Simms:
The Story of the Lucy F. Simms School
Statement on Purpose of Essay:
This essay is a companion to the exhibit commemorating the contributions of the Lucy F. Simms School
and the Northeast neighborhood to the city of Harrisonburg, Virginia. The essay was written by James
Madison University students with help from community members and JMU faculty. The exhibit opened
on April 25, 2016, and it is permanently housed in the Lucy F. Simms Continuing Education Center.
This booklet was edited by Brett Seekford and Hannah Jones.
Edited for classroom use by Kailyn Harris-Gilliam.
From Basements to One-Room School Houses
Before the Civil War, traditional education was denied to enslaved African-Americans. However,
religious instruction was sometimes tolerated and became a primary gateway for early AfricanAmerican education and activism. With the permanent ending of slavery, Harrisonburg received aid
from the government-sponsor Freedman's Bureau, which established the first schools for African
Americans in Harrisonburg in hotel rooms and church basements. After Virginia started a statewide
system of public education in 1870, African-American education moved from these informal spaces to
dedicated one-room schoolhouses. Sixteen schools for African Americans operated at different times in
Rockingham County.
Harrisonburg was more welcoming to African Americans than many of the close-by towns in
Rockingham County, making it safer for African-American families to settle down and build a
community. The Newmans were early trailblazers in the community. George A. Newman came to
Harrisonburg in 1875 as principal of the "colored school" and worked in education for almost 30 years.
In 1882, the Effinger Street School opened in Harrisonburg, becoming the primary center for AfricanAmerican education in Rockingham County until 1938. As the Newtown neighborhood grew around it,
Effinger Street School became the center of a tightly-knit community of faith and family.
�1.1
1.2 1.3
“So we must rise in self-defense, though humble we may be.
And show, by using common sense, that we will still be free.”
– George A. Newman
Captions:
1.1 -- Emma Lyon Bryan's painting of Harrisonburg in 1867
1.2 -- Effinger Street School, established in 1882
1.3 -- Photo of George A. Newman and his family, ca. 1903
Lucy F. Simms: Educator, Activist, Leader
At Effinger Street School, educator Lucy F. Simms established a reputation as one of the most famous
and important leaders in the history of African-American education in Harrisonburg. Miss Simms was
�born into slavery in 1856 to the Algernon Gray family. While debate continues over the location of her
birth, Miss Simms was living in Harrisonburg at the time of the Emancipation Proclamation. Following
her own education at Hampton Institute, where she attended classes with Booker T. Washington, Miss
Simms returned to educate the Harrisonburg community.
Lucy F. Simms brought energy and dedication to the three schools where she spent her 56-year teaching
career, starting in Athens Colored School (later known as Zenda) in 1877. Eventually the growing
number of students prompt the construction of Effinger Street School, where Miss Simms taught for the
next 52 years. She is often described as being maternal with her students at Effinger, treating them with
kindness, high expectations, and respect.
When Lucy F. Simms died in 1934, her funeral was the most widely attended in the history of AfricanAmerican funerals in Harrisonburg. Her house, though extensively renovated, still stands at 231 East
Johnson St. When the Effinger Street School was finally replaced in 1938, the School Board chose to
name the new school in her honor.
2.1
“I am teaching and working for my race." -- Lucy F. Simms
2.2
�2.3 "When I calculate the time I have been teaching by years, it seems quite a while, but, when I calculate
by dollars and cents, it seems but a short while." -- Lucy F. Simms
2.4
�2.5
Captions:
2.1 -- Picture of Lucy F. Simms
2.2 -- Lucy F. Simms, second from left, poses with her students in 1905.
2.3 -- Lucy F. Simms stands with three generations of her students in 1928.
2.4 -- A photograph of the Athens Colored School, now known as Zenda, where Lucy F. Simms' early
career began
2.5 -- A modern-day image of Miss Simms' home
Learning after Lucy
In 1938, the Lucy F. Simms School was built on the site of the Gray family's former Hilltop estate,
drawing students from all over the Shenandoah Valley, with some traveling as many as 50 miles per day.
The sense of community and academic rigor that Miss Simms helped to develop in her lifetime continued
to flourish at the new school, where parents and teachers worked together to encourage the younger
generation's growth and success. For many years, the school did not have the adequate supplies to offer
all grades, but by the mid-1950s, students were able to achieve a full high school education. Students not
only took classical liberal arts courses such as reading, writing, mathematics, and the arts, but they also
completed industrial arts and home economics training to prepare them for the available employment
after graduation.
Teachers at the Lucy F. Simms School were well-respected community members who worked hard to
make sure their students mastered a wide range of subjects. Mary Francis Awkard Fairfax, Barbara
Blakey, and W. N. P. Harris are just a few of the many teachers who positively influenced the lives of
their students, teaching skills that extended beyond the classroom. As a result, many Simms students
became trailblazers in Harrisonburg and beyond. In 1969, Wilhelmina Johnson became the first African
American to be employed by Harrisonburg Social Services. In 1966, Sheary Darcus Johnson became the
first African American to enroll at Madison College, graduating in 1970 and earning her Ph.D. from the
University of Virginia in 1988.
�"The teachers at Lucy F. Simms School knew the needs of the black students and there were always
activities going that brought the community together . . .It was all one big, shall I say, family."
-- Ruth M. Toliver
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
Captions:
3.1 -- Students practice new skills in a home economics class
3.2 -- Students work in a shop class
3.3 -- Miss Mary Francis Awkard's class, late 1950s
3.4 -- Students caught singing by the camera
�Learning Beyond the Bell
In an effort to create an atmosphere that was as much communal as it was academic, the Lucy F. Simms
School sponsored many thriving after-school programs for both students and the Northeast
neighborhood as a whole. Athletics, music, and theater represented an important point of contact
between formal education and community life in Newtown. The basketball and football teams at Simms
won many championship games and were a point of school pride, and groups such as the Bundy's Boys
Band and the school choir were loved by everyone.
Operettas were also a rich tradition for many years at the school. The students put on productions
varying from the Pied Piper of Hamelin to Peter Rabbit. Parents, as well as members of the Newtown
community, would come together to make elaborate costumes for the actors. Mary Awkard Fairfax said
the community cared so deeply about these productions that they would "pack the auditorium and people
would even sit in the hall.”
May Day was celebrated at the Lucy F. Simms School on May 1st to welcome the arrival of spring. May
Day featured a variety of activities such as wrapping the May Pole, a community potluck, the
performance of song, dance, and poetry, and the crowning of the King and Queen. It was an important
day of celebration and ceremony for the whole community.
4.1
�4.2
4.4
Captions:
4.1 -- Harry Temple Jr. fighting for the ball in a game played at the Simms gymnasium
4.2 -- A May Day court crowning the king and queen
4.3 -- Young dancers performing in a traditional Operetta
4.4 -- The Bundy's Boys Band, a student-led music group at Simms
4.3
�Memories of Newtown
"The northeast community joined together in the bitter or the sweetness of our lives."
-Doris Harper Allen
The Lucy F. Simms School was at the center of Newtown, a majority African-American neighborhood
with a lively mixture of homes and businesses. Current residents remember it as a place abundant with
fruit trees and gardens, bursting with flowers, though missing sidewalks. If you took a walk around
Newtown, you would find an ice cream parlor, grocery stores, barber shops, restaurants like Johnson's
and the Chicken Shack, and the famous Colonnade, where there was a pool hall, a dance hall, and an
arcade. Most Newton's social gatherings happened in homes around the neighborhood, and festive lawn
parties were often held in people's yards. Lawn parties were known for their bright string lights, singers,
homemade ice cream, country ham sandwiches, and good company.
The local churches were also an important part of community life. Ladies, gentlemen, and young
children all arrived in their Sunday best, walking from all over town to attend services. For many African
American residents, Sunday was an important day for the community.
Reflecting on her time in Harrisonburg and the Northeast neighborhood, Ruth M. Toliver says her
"fondest memories of growing up" are "memories of Harrisonburg. . . . It was just one of those communities
where you felt safe."
�5.1
5.2
5.3
Captions:
5.1 -- Image of Effinger Street
5.2 -- Kids spend time at Harris Pool
5.3 -- First Baptist Church Congregation, ca. 1950s
Miss Lucy's Legacy
�At the end of the 1965 school year, Lucy F. Simms School closed as a part of national school integration.
Many teachers at Simms lost their jobs during the transition, although teachers like Mary Awkard
Fairfax and Barbara Blakey went on to teach in integrated schools. While African Americans in
Harrisonburg and across the country were granted greater educational opportunities, many of them felt
they lost a sense of community as a result of integration.
"They lost the school. And it has never been the same." --Mary Awkward Fairfax
The school building was left officially vacant for many years after its closing, but several members of the
Northeast neighborhood would later establish a reunion committee to bring former classmates back
together. Their first reunion was held in 1982. These efforts began the process of reuniting past friends
and neighbors.
The Lucy F. Simms Continuing Education Center was founded in 2005 after extensive renovations and
community encouragement. It now supports after-school and community organizations that use its
gymnasium, computer labs, and conference rooms. As the home for many community events such as the
Gospel Extravaganza and the Martin Luther King, Jr. Breakfast, the center continues to be a very
important part of the community.
6.1
�6.2
Captions:
6.1 -- Include this quote in upper right: "They lost the school. And it has never been the same." --Mary
Awkward Fairfax (Quote 6)
6.2 -- Just quotes from link as they appear there
�Celebrating Simms:
The Story of the Lucy F. Simms School
Directions:
Step 1: Read through the essay “Celebrating Simms: The Story of the Lucy F. Simms School”. While reading
through the essay, highlight key-terms that have been studied in class, such as terms about post-slavery,
laws, and more. In addition to highlighting key-terms, underline or circle terms that you do not understand.
Step 2: This worksheet corresponds to the given essay. There are three sections. Directions will be listed for
each section.
Section 1: Matching
___ 1. Freedman’s Bureau
___ 2. Effinger Street School
___ 3. Emancipation Proclamation
a. Founded in 2005 after extensive renovations and
community encouragement. It now supports afterschool and community organizations that use its
gymnasium, computer labs, and conference rooms.
b. This was celebrated at the Lucy F. Simms School on
May 1st to welcome the arrival of spring. May Day
featured a variety of activities such as wrapping the
May Pole, a community potluck, the performance of
song, dance, and poetry, and the crowning of the
King and Queen.
c. In 1882, this school opened in Harrisonburg,
becoming the primary center for African-American
education in Rockingham County until 1938. The
principal here was George A. Newman.
�___ 4. Lucy F. Simms
d. an agency of the War Department set up in 1865
to assist freed slaves in obtaining relief, land, jobs,
fair treatment, and education.
___ 5. Athens Colored School (Zenda)
e. Born into slavery and freed after the
Emancipation Proclamation, she went on to study
at Hampton Institute. She taught in the Valley for
56 years. She is known as one of the most famous
and important leaders in African-American
education in Harrisonburg, VA.
___ 6. May Day
____ 7. Operettas
____ 8. Newtown
____ 9. Integration
____ 10. Lucy F. Simms Continuing Education Center
f. This was a rich tradition for many years at the
school. The students put on productions varying
from the Pied Piper of Hamelin to Peter Rabbit.
Parents, as well as members of the Newtown
community, would come together to make
elaborate costumes for the actors.
g. School where Lucy F. Simms started her teaching
career
h. the declaration issued by President Lincoln on
January 1, 1863, freeing the slaves in those
territories still in rebellion against the Union.
i. a majority African-American neighborhood with a
lively mixture of homes and businesses. Current
residents remember it as a place abundant with
fruit trees and gardens, bursting with flowers,
though missing sidewalks.
j. having, including, or serving members of different
racial, religious, and ethnic groups as equals
�Section 2: Timeline
Directions: Using the information from the essay, in groups, create a timeline comparing the AfricanAmerican history of education in Harrisonburg, VA to national changes and issues in the United States of
America. Below is a key of events that should be included on your timeline. You are NOT limited to this
options and you MUST add more events that are not included on this list.
Key Terms or Events:
• Lucy F. Simms School
• Athens Colored School (Zenda)
• Effinger Street Schools
• Emancipation Proclamation
• Freedman’s Bureau
• Integration
�Section 3: Creative Project
Directions: This last activity allows you to get your creative juices flowing. You
have three creative options you can choose from:
1. Be A News Reporter: Write a newspaper article about Lucy F. Simms or
about the history of the Lucy F. Simms School. Using the essay and the
Celebrating Simms website, create an article that details the history, facts,
and information about either Simms as an educator or about the historic
school in general.
2. Create an Exhibit: Using the information learned from the essay and
website, create a small scale exhibit about the history of the AfricanAmerican heritage in Harrisonburg, VA. The exhibit should include pictures,
facts, and fun info that you have learned during this unit.
3. Be a Movie Director: Using iMovie, create a movie trailer about the AfricanAmerican history in Harrisonburg, VA. The trailer, though fairly short,
should include pictures, facts, and valuable information about the history
and heritage of African-Americans in Harrisonburg, VA.
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Celebrating Simms Collection: The Story of the Lucy F. Simms School
Description
An account of the resource
The first series in the Celebrating Simms Collection consists of approximately 450 items that were digitized to support the development and design of the 2016 Celebrating Simms exhibit. The series consists primarily of photographs and some historical documents related to the Effinger St. School (1882–1938); the Lucy F. Simms School (1938-1966); the Simms Reunion Committee (1982–Present); private family photographs documenting life in the Northeast Neighborhood of Harrisonburg, Virginia (1882–1966); and official photographs documenting Harrisonburg’s R4 Urban Renewal Project (1955–1964).
The Celebrating Simms Collection consists entirely of digitized materials. It is a post-custodial collection, meaning that all original materials were returned to the custody of their original owners immediately after being digitized. The individuals who shared their private collections with this project for digitization include: Doris Harper Allen, Howard Curry, Dorothy Dickerson, Twyla French, Billo Harper, Greg Johnson, Wilhelmina Johnson, Dale MacAllister, Edna Mitchell, Deanna Reed, Jennifer Vickers, and Betty Lou Winkey. Some items were also digitized for Celebrating Simms with permission from JMU Special Collections, the Massanutten Regional Library, the Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society (now Rocktown History), and the Daily News-Record.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Celebrating Simms Project
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
JMU Libraries
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1867-2016
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Celebrating Simms - USII.1 (a-d)
Subject
The topic of the resource
Lucy F. Simms School
Exhibitions
Description
An account of the resource
A downloadable document with an activity used to fulfill Virginia Standards of Learning via the Celebrating Simms Exhibit.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
James Madison University Libraries
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">CC By-NC 4.0</a>
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
document file
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
simms00357
-
https://omeka.jmu.edu/simms/files/original/Celebrating Simms Collection The Story of the Lucy F. Simms School/simms00059-young-yokely-woman-in-a-gown.jpg
926971441f587ea2168de87980324616
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Celebrating Simms Collection: The Story of the Lucy F. Simms School
Description
An account of the resource
The first series in the Celebrating Simms Collection consists of approximately 450 items that were digitized to support the development and design of the 2016 Celebrating Simms exhibit. The series consists primarily of photographs and some historical documents related to the Effinger St. School (1882–1938); the Lucy F. Simms School (1938-1966); the Simms Reunion Committee (1982–Present); private family photographs documenting life in the Northeast Neighborhood of Harrisonburg, Virginia (1882–1966); and official photographs documenting Harrisonburg’s R4 Urban Renewal Project (1955–1964).
The Celebrating Simms Collection consists entirely of digitized materials. It is a post-custodial collection, meaning that all original materials were returned to the custody of their original owners immediately after being digitized. The individuals who shared their private collections with this project for digitization include: Doris Harper Allen, Howard Curry, Dorothy Dickerson, Twyla French, Billo Harper, Greg Johnson, Wilhelmina Johnson, Dale MacAllister, Edna Mitchell, Deanna Reed, Jennifer Vickers, and Betty Lou Winkey. Some items were also digitized for Celebrating Simms with permission from JMU Special Collections, the Massanutten Regional Library, the Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society (now Rocktown History), and the Daily News-Record.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Celebrating Simms Project
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
JMU Libraries
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1867-2016
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Young Yokely Woman in a Gown
Subject
The topic of the resource
Young women
Dresses
Flowers
Necklaces
Description
An account of the resource
A photograph of a young woman in a white gown and jewelry. She is standing by a vase of flowers, in front of what appears to be a stage. She is identified as either Betty Mae or Livinia Yokely.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Jennifer Vickers
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
James Madison University Libraries
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">CC By-NC 4.0</a>
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
black-and-white photographs
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Still Image
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
simms00059
Yokely
-
https://omeka.jmu.edu/simms/files/original/Celebrating Simms Collection The Story of the Lucy F. Simms School/simms00140-young-women-with-mixed-feelings.jpg
166d4af866a20b62be94b0dbd7d039d7
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Celebrating Simms Collection: The Story of the Lucy F. Simms School
Description
An account of the resource
The first series in the Celebrating Simms Collection consists of approximately 450 items that were digitized to support the development and design of the 2016 Celebrating Simms exhibit. The series consists primarily of photographs and some historical documents related to the Effinger St. School (1882–1938); the Lucy F. Simms School (1938-1966); the Simms Reunion Committee (1982–Present); private family photographs documenting life in the Northeast Neighborhood of Harrisonburg, Virginia (1882–1966); and official photographs documenting Harrisonburg’s R4 Urban Renewal Project (1955–1964).
The Celebrating Simms Collection consists entirely of digitized materials. It is a post-custodial collection, meaning that all original materials were returned to the custody of their original owners immediately after being digitized. The individuals who shared their private collections with this project for digitization include: Doris Harper Allen, Howard Curry, Dorothy Dickerson, Twyla French, Billo Harper, Greg Johnson, Wilhelmina Johnson, Dale MacAllister, Edna Mitchell, Deanna Reed, Jennifer Vickers, and Betty Lou Winkey. Some items were also digitized for Celebrating Simms with permission from JMU Special Collections, the Massanutten Regional Library, the Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society (now Rocktown History), and the Daily News-Record.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Celebrating Simms Project
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
JMU Libraries
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1867-2016
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Young Women with Mixed Feelings
Subject
The topic of the resource
Young women
Automobiles
Description
An account of the resource
A photo of two young women, pictured from the waist up, leaning against a car.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Howard Curry
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
James Madison University Libraries
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">CC By-NC 4.0</a>
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
black-and-white photographs
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Still Image
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
simms00140
-
https://omeka.jmu.edu/simms/files/original/Celebrating Simms Collection The Story of the Lucy F. Simms School/simms00139-young-women-ready-for-school.jpg
e5055cf24b737e718dd3a50068d9d00f
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Celebrating Simms Collection: The Story of the Lucy F. Simms School
Description
An account of the resource
The first series in the Celebrating Simms Collection consists of approximately 450 items that were digitized to support the development and design of the 2016 Celebrating Simms exhibit. The series consists primarily of photographs and some historical documents related to the Effinger St. School (1882–1938); the Lucy F. Simms School (1938-1966); the Simms Reunion Committee (1982–Present); private family photographs documenting life in the Northeast Neighborhood of Harrisonburg, Virginia (1882–1966); and official photographs documenting Harrisonburg’s R4 Urban Renewal Project (1955–1964).
The Celebrating Simms Collection consists entirely of digitized materials. It is a post-custodial collection, meaning that all original materials were returned to the custody of their original owners immediately after being digitized. The individuals who shared their private collections with this project for digitization include: Doris Harper Allen, Howard Curry, Dorothy Dickerson, Twyla French, Billo Harper, Greg Johnson, Wilhelmina Johnson, Dale MacAllister, Edna Mitchell, Deanna Reed, Jennifer Vickers, and Betty Lou Winkey. Some items were also digitized for Celebrating Simms with permission from JMU Special Collections, the Massanutten Regional Library, the Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society (now Rocktown History), and the Daily News-Record.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Celebrating Simms Project
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
JMU Libraries
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1867-2016
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Young Women Ready for School
Subject
The topic of the resource
Young women
Skirts
Brick building
Description
An account of the resource
A photo of two young women in skirts holding books and posing in front of a brick building.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Howard Curry
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
James Madison University Libraries
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">CC By-NC 4.0</a>
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
black-and-white photographs
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Still Image
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
simms00139